Overview

A vaginal yeast infection is a fungal infection that causes irritation, discharge, and intense itchiness of the vagina and vulva. Also called vaginal candidiasis, this infection affects up to 3 out of 4 women at some point in their lifetimes. Many women experience at least two episodes.

Symptoms

Yeast infection symptoms can range from mild to moderate and include:

– Itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva

– Burning sensation, especially during intercourse or urination

– Redness and swelling of the vulva

– Vaginal pain and soreness

– Vaginal rash

– Thick, white, odor-free vaginal discharge with a cottage cheese appearance

– Watery vaginal discharge

Complicated Yeast Infection

You might have a complicated yeast infection if:

– Severe signs and symptoms (extensive redness, swelling, itching, tears, cracks, or sores)

– Four or more yeast infections in a year

– Infection caused by a less typical type of fungus

– Pregnancy

– Uncontrolled diabetes

– Weakened immune system due to medications or conditions (HIV)

When to See a Doctor

Make an appointment with your doctor if:

– First-time yeast infection symptoms

– Uncertainty about the infection

– Symptoms aren’t relieved after treating with over-the-counter antifungal vaginal creams or suppositories

– Development of other symptoms

Causes

The fungus Candida albicans is responsible for most vaginal yeast infections. Your vagina naturally contains a balanced mix of yeast and bacteria. Certain bacteria (lactobacillus) prevent yeast overgrowth. However, this balance can be disrupted.

Overgrowth of yeast can result from:

– Antibiotic use

– Pregnancy

– Uncontrolled diabetes

– Impaired immune system

– Oral contraceptives or hormone therapy

Risk Factors

Factors increasing the risk of developing a yeast infection include:

– Antibiotic use

– Increased estrogen levels

– Uncontrolled diabetes

– Impaired immune system

Prevention

To reduce the risk of vaginal yeast infections:

– Wear underwear with a cotton crotch

– Avoid tight-fitting pantyhose

– Avoid douching

– Avoid scented feminine products

– Avoid hot tubs and very hot baths

– Avoid unnecessary antibiotic use

– Change out of wet clothes promptly

Diagnosis and Treatment

Consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.